Wednesday, January 28, 2015

Verb be simple present from Cyssah Olyver

Monday, January 12, 2015

TYPES OF LAWYERS

Types of Lawyers: Which One to Call When

April 15, 2014 by April Klazema

In the world of law, there are many opportunities for people, depending on what they want to do as a lawyer. The two most common types of lawyers are defense attorneys and prosecution attorneys. While a prosecution attorney’s job is to prove someone is guilty, a defense attorney’s job is to prove that someone is innocent of a crime. These are just two of the basic positions that a lawyer may hold in their career, however. In the world of law, there are many types of law – and lawyers – that vary greatly.
Becoming a lawyer is no small feat. It requires you to have a strong knowledge of the law, and a sense of justice. There’re many people who try to become lawyers, but find it too difficult to do so. If you want to become a lawyer, you should check out the Udemy course, How Blind is Justice.

What Exactly Do Lawyers Do?

A lot of people think that being a lawyer means helping getting criminals into jail or getting innocent people back on the street. There’s a common belief that law just involves being smart and talking to a judge and jury in a courtroom, but this is only a small part of the job. A lawyer can do anything from creating wills, contracts, and legal documents to defending people in court.
The main duties of a lawyer are to advise their client. They also have to research the legality of certain jobs, and gather up evidence for their clients. The lawyer works in accordance of the law in order to benefit or give knowledge to their client and help them in any way possible.
Being a lawyer requires you to write a lot of documents and make sure that they are legally sound. As a lawyer, computer programs such as Microsoft Word will be used constantly. The Udemy course Mastering Microsoft Word for Lawyers will be a valuable resource for you. The course will teach you how to use Microsoft Word in order to make the writing process a lot easier.

A General Practice Lawyer

In the world of law, a general practice lawyer is without a doubt the most common type. This isn’t the lawyer that you see in courtrooms, but instead it is a lawyer that understands the law. These are the lawyers that clients go to for legal advice when they’re in trouble. These lawyers are also certified in dealing with legal disputes.
Although these individuals have rather basic duties compared to other types of lawyer, they still require as much training as any other type of lawyer to become legally certified. These lawyers can also branch out into more specific forms of law if they want to practice on certain aspects, such as family law, bankruptcy, employment, or anything else they would like to pursue. Most lawyers usually begin as a general practice attorney unless they have a specialty in mind already.

Private Practice Lawyers

A private practice lawyer is one that is involved in things such as estate planning (wills, family documents, etc.) and watching the business affairs of their clients who have a large amount of financial means. Many lawyers that you will read about below are considered specific types of private practice lawyers or they do some of the duties that a private practice lawyer performs.
Because a private practice lawyer works specifically for a client in various fields, they usually have to master several types of law instead of just focusing on one key aspect.

Family Lawyers

When it comes to legal proceedings for a family, there is a specific type of lawyer for it. A family lawyer deals with all of the matters that come into play with regards to the family. This includes divorces, where spouses have to divide up their assets and decide who receives what, as well as the amount a spouse will receive in alimony.
There’s also the case of child custody and child support. Neither of which can be granted to a parent unless they go through the proper legal channels to get it done and make things legally binding.
Family lawyers are often placed in a difficult position, as it is challenging to handle something as volatile and emotionally taxing as dealing with a family who plans to break away from each other.

Employment Lawyers

An employment lawyer deals with the legal disputes between an employer and an employee. Some companies have several employment lawyers on staff just in case an employee wishes to file a legal suit. Other companies, usually much smaller ones, have a single employment lawyer that handles all of the legal proceedings of that one particular company.
An employment lawyer’s job is to handle legal disputes, such as job security, terms of wages, and protecting the rights of employees. Employment lawyers are the ones that are called upon when an employee feels that they have been mistreated or harassed while at work.

Bankruptcy and Commercial Bankruptcy Lawyers

A bankruptcy lawyer is a person who helps proves that the client has to go into bankruptcy. As a bankruptcy lawyer, the person has to provide evidence to the court and the lender, usually a bank that the person in debt can in no way pay off what they owe due to a lack of funds. Most lenders will try very hard to prove that the argument isn’t true, which is why bankruptcy lawyers have to be skilled in proving the case otherwise.
A commercial bankruptcy lawyer has the same job, but instead of handling the bankruptcy of one person, they handle the bankruptcy of an organization or company. This company can be either public or private. A commercial bankruptcy lawyer’s job is much more complicated than a standard bankruptcy lawyer due to the fact that the lawyer has to not only deal with the legal proceedings of the company and its lenders, but they also have to deal with the legal aspects of the company and its employees.

Corporate Lawyers

Similar to a commercial bankruptcy lawyer, a corporate lawyer works for large corporations and ensures that the transactions made by the corporation are all legal. When it comes to corporate lawyers, large corporations usually hire a single lawyer that works only for them. On the other hand, a corporate lawyer can own their own practice in order to work for multiple companies.

Criminal Lawyers

When someone is accused of a crime, they have to get a criminal lawyer to represent them. The main job of a criminal lawyer is to try and prove that his client is innocent, but that isn’t always the case.
For specific cases in which the client has a mountain of evidence against them, the lawyer may choose to broker a plea settlement in order to lessen the severity of the punishment of their client.
Many people choose to get into law to defend people who are wrongly accused of a crime. If you want to get into law, the first thing you have to do is get through law school. In order to do that you will have to make your law school application stand out so that you will be accepted.

Personal Injury Lawyers

You may have seen commercials featuring lawyers who can get you thousands of dollars if you’ve been in an accident. These are personal injury lawyers.
A personal injury lawyer deals with clients that have been involved in car accidents, or who have been subject to back damage, slip and fall injuries, and in any other situation that led to their being personally injured. The goal of a personal injury lawyer is to get their client enough funds to help them deal with the challenge they now face from being injured.

Discrimination Lawyers

In the workplace discrimination can still exist, and there are cases where it can be detrimental to a person’s work performance. If a person is treated differently due to their race, gender, or place of origin, they can file a discrimination lawsuit against the company.
A discrimination lawyer helps prove that their client has been singled out because of their race, and they try to get their client benefits for the financial and possible emotional damages that they suffered because of it.

Inheritance Lawyers

If you’ve ever seen someone read a will, then you’ve seen an inheritance lawyer. An inheritance lawyer’s job is to make sure that the person who inherited something receives it. If at any point a person doesn’t receive their inheritance, the lawyer can fight for that person’s right to claim what is legally there’s.

Working as a Lawyer

Being a lawyer is far from an easy task, and there’re people who aren’t able to handle the stress of it all the time. If you want to be a lawyer, try to start off small. The Udemy course How to Become a Legal Assistant is a great tool to get you in the door and see what working in law is all about. You can also check out the Lazy Lawyer’s Guide in order to learn about some useful tricks that you can use when writing all of those legal documents.

LEGAL SYSTEM IN PANAMA

Panama - Legal System

The Panama legal system places the Supreme Court as the highest legal power in the country. All judges have to be native Panamanians and can be no younger than the age of 35. They have to have a minimum amount of legal experience including a certain level of education. There is no set number of judges at any one time. Judges are appointed by the cabinet and their appointment is confirmed by the Legislative Assembly. They can work as a judge for a period of ten years. The powers of the Supreme Court include determining how laws and decrees made by the government fit into the constitution. Legal action that involves the actions of public officials, or those which involve a failure to act, are automatically heard by the Supreme Court. Once the Supreme Court has made a judgement there is no right to appeal, but appeals can be made from courts further down the chain.

In Panama there are three judicial districts. The provinces of Panama, Darien and Colon make up one district. Cocle, Herrera, Los Santos and Veraguas make up a second district, while the third consists of Bocas del Toro and Chiriqui. The district which includes Panama has 2 superior tribunals, the next stage down from the Supreme Court. The other two districts have just one each. Supreme Court judges appoint the judges for the tribunals.
Each individual province has two circuit courts. Civil cases and criminal cases each have their own circuit court. Below the circuit courts are the municipal courts, one for each of the 65 municipal areas of the country. The circuit court judges are appointed by those serving the Superior Tribunals, while municipal judges are appointed by the circuit court judges.
The work and behaviour of public officials is overseen by the Public Ministry, which is run by a number of other officials working in the law. The Public Ministry will also offer advice to ministers and government departments. There are several sections within the constitution which prevent the judiciary from being unfairly influenced by the government, although the effectiveness of this can be disputed. Judges are, however, exempt from arrest unless a warrant is issued from the judiciary level which is immediately above theirs. Judges cannot be sacked unless they have broken the law.
Minor cases which are heard in local courts are heard by ‘police’ judges. These have the power to issue a prison sentence of up to one year. These judges are appointed by the Municipal Mayors and serve a similar function as the UK Magistrate and the US Justice of the Peace. These cases are not subject to the strict procedures that are applied in other courts and those accused may find some of the procedures unfair, but these are not regulated so there is little that can be done.
All those who have been accused and charged with a crime have the right to legal representation. There are public defenders for those who do not have or cannot afford their own lawyer. Some cases are heard by a jury. Those who are arrested can have a lawyer present while they are being questioned by the police that can be arranged by the police if you need the assistance, as is the case in both the UK and the US.
Those who are awaiting trial are often placed on remand. In Panama there are few specific facilities for this and most prisoners will be placed in one of the tough prisons. The cities all have their own prison facilities, most of which are much tougher and basic than those in the UK. Prisoners have to work and rehabilitation is essential before they are released back into society.
Finding a lawyer to help you is relatively easy. The embassies of both the US and the UK have lists of lawyers who speak English so that if your Spanish skills are not adequate you can still be sure of good representation. Asking other expats for recommendations is also a good way of finding a reputable lawyer. If you do need representation with a specific court case then checking out a lawyer’s track record in that area is also a good idea.

HOW ARE LAWS MADE IN THE UK

How are laws made in the UK?

Laws are rules that everyone in the country must obey. In a democracy, like the UK, nobody is above the law. About one hundred new laws are passed each year.

How does Parliament make new laws?

A proposed new law is called a bill. Bills must be agreed by both Houses of Parliament and receive Royal Assent from the Queen before they can become Acts of Parliament which make our law.
The Bill is introduced by a First Reading. This is simply an official notice that a Bill is going to be proposed and what it's about. It gives MPs time to prepare and discuss it.
Shortly afterwards comes the Second Reading. At this point the principles are considered on the floor of the House. The Bill is then sent to be looked at by small groups of MPs who examine the Bill in detail.
At the Third Reading the Bill is debated and there is a vote. If the Government has a majority, the Bill is then passed to the House of Lords.
Once a Bill has passed through both Houses, it is sent to the Queen for the Royal Assent. Once it has Royal Assent the Bill becomes an Act of Parliament. It is the law of the land.
Since 1952, The Queen has given Royal Assent to 3135 Acts of Parliament.

Interesting Fact:
Up until the end of the 17th century, British monarchs were executive monarchs. This means they had the right to make and pass laws. Since the beginning of the eighteenth century, the monarch has become a constitutional monarch.

HOW ARE LAWS MADE IN USA

How Are Laws Made?

Laws begin as ideas. First, a representative sponsors a bill. The bill is then assigned to a committee for study. If released by the committee, the bill is put on a calendar to be voted on, debated or amended. If the bill passes by simple majority (218 of 435), the bill moves to the Senate. In the Senate, the bill is assigned to another committee and, if released, debated and voted on. Again, a simple majority (51 of 100) passes the bill. Finally, a conference committee made of House and Senate members works out any differences between the House and Senate versions of the bill. The resulting bill returns to the House and Senate for final approval. The Government Printing Office prints the revised bill in a process called enrolling. The President has 10 days to sign or veto the enrolled bill.

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